تعريف الكمبيوتر
Computer and is also called computer (computer) is an electronic device that performs mathematical and logical operations on a set of data and process it and to pull the results (information) make use of it in our lives
مكوناته
Computer system consists of:
(1) Hardware (Hardware) which is the physical components that make up the computer.
(2) software (Software), a set of instructions and commands that are used to get the results
Required from the computer.
First:
(1) units of the input (INPUT UNITS), which was considered the link between the user and the computer where
The user enters data and programs from which the most common:
A - Keyboard (Key board) and is considered the key input unit in the computer consists of:
* Keyboard Home
It consists of the keys to write the alphabet
(Arabic / English)
* Key trends and Control:
It consists of the shares by which we can move the cursor up and down .... Etc. in addition to
Some of the keys that are used to move the cursor one full screen up or down.
* The number keys:
A numeric keypad has the numbers and all the sports and fitness brands and trends and Control keys.
* Function keys:
They keys that do specific functions of these functions vary from program to program (ctrl & Alt).
B - mouse (Moue):
And use the mouse to select commands and run programs, especially in applications that rely on graphics
And various forms such as Windows.
First:
Units of output (Output unit) output units are used to show the evidence and the results
And reports, fees and displayed as required, including: -
A - Display (Monitor): It may be monochrome (Monochrome display) or color (Color display) & and screen sizes including 12 inch & 14 inch & 15 inch & 17 inch & ... ... .. And so on.
- And there must be compatibility between the computer and the monitor used and display card (Display
Adapters), which produces a signal to control and impose control on the screen. Among the cards
Used in the PC (Personal Computer): -
Card CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) & Card EGA (Enhanced Graphics
Adapter) & card VGA (Video Graphics Array) & standard SVGA card
(Standard).
B - the printer (Printer), one of the output units by which to obtain Alnaْj
And the data printed on paper.
Third:
Units and secondary storage (Memory (Auxiliary reservoir is considered the great
Placed where all data and programs ... ... .. It is in direct contact with the main memory
(Random) and memory storage type permanent magnet even after the device is switched off, including: -
A - floppy disk (Floppy Disk), there are different sizes and different capacities, including
8-inch & 5.25 inch & 3.5 inch is the most storage capacity of 1.44 Mbps
(1.44 MB) which equals 720 KB.
B - hard drive (hard disk), there are two types of hard drives; one of them can be separated from the computer and connects to the device for use only h and the other kind of inseparable from a computer hard drive and the advantage for the floppy disk density recording and storage capacity very large
Fourth
Central processing units (CPU) Central processing unit which contain all the
Physical media capable of processing data and execute instructions and adjust the input and output operations
Which is responsible for determining the capacity and speed of computer is divided into:
A - a unit of Computer and logic (ALU) (ARITHMATIC and logical unit), a unit that processes the data from the arrangement and classification, sorting and ... ... ... ... and address the calculations of the four: multiplication and division and addition and subtraction, as well as logical operations such as comparisons between the two values (equal to = & more <& smaller than the>).
B - Control unit (Unit Control), a unit that dominate and control all input and output operations, arithmetic, logic, and internal and external storage which she supervises the operations and activities of all computer
V.
(5) main memory (Main Memory) and is divided into:
A - main memory random RANDOM ACCESSMEMORY (RAM)
The so-called random access memory, because the system can randomly choose any storage ******** to write in, or read data from it at random, without passing the rest of the other sites. A readable and write a memory volatile lose their *******s power outages and increase the capacity of this increased capacity and efficiency of the computer in the management of different programs, the measured capacity of the number of letters BYTE) (which can be stored in it.
B - read-only memory ROM) READ ONLY MEMORY (memory used in the maintenance of software for the operation of the computer, this memory does not lose its *******s when power outages and therefore a permanent magnet-type non-volatile (Non - Volatile)
C - memory caches
And used during the operation which is a cache of very high speed is used for storage
Provisional data and instructions to be retrieved many times during the operation of the data, which helps to speed operation.
• Processor: This is the most important components of the computer it is the task of execution of orders by computer Atlgaha; Among the criteria that
Taken into account to assess the efficiency of the computer is to know the availability and capabilities of the processor (processor) is located by the
• the definition of operating system
Operating system consists of an integrated set of software instructions that dominate and control the computer and the various units. It is generally a link between the user and the computer as well as between the computer and its accessories
• The operating system functionality:
1 - Control of work units and input and output.
2 - run programs and modules called from secondary storage to main memory,
3 - Coordination of communication between the computer and the software applications and help these programs to perform input operations
And output.
4 - Control in the operation of a range of programs at one time.
5 - the organization of the operations of the computer, leading to save time and increase the efficiency of computer
Some types of operating systems
1 - Operating System) DOS (
* The word is an abbreviation DOS Disk Operation System {any operating system disk} and called this
Name because most of the work includes the management of disk) Disk (, and disk files) Disk Files (
• The operating system and DOS operating systems of the most prevalent personal computers ... because the system adopted in PCs, IBM and compatible computers with them.
2 - Operating System) UNIX (
• started using the system) UNIX (in 1969 on large appliances) Minif (and medium-sized (MINICOMPUTER)) was amended recently to work on personal computers (PC.Compute)
And is one of the most powerful operating systems in that it depends on the fragmentation of programs designed to separate small programs which facilitates separation of any program or add a new program
كيف نتصرف في حالة حدوث خلل للجهاز؟
How to act when a problem occurs to the device.
• You must first agree on several principles to be an expert maintenance.
You must first know knowledge of computer components and function of each part of the system computer.
You must know the internal configuration of each component separately
You must also know how to handle these parts with each other.
Learn some common problems.
Follow the scientific method in solving problems.
And of course the most important element is the personal experience.
• To learn how to:
• solve the computer problems you should know that the computer is a machine follow a set of commands issued by the you have or set of commands stored in memory, and these commands is the command sequence is executed behind some of it is not a person in control of his actions, so the problems are limited to the reasons limited and known.
For example, when you start the computer begins to implement command set stored recalls:
Begins, for example, first connect the electricity to the device components
And then begins to read the components connected to it who shall communicate Balramat
And then begins to communicate Pkart screen and hard drive and keyboard ,,,,,
And if it passes this stage successfully - able to communicate with all the ingredients - starts to download the operating system that lets you give commands to the device and so on ... and if there is any error in one of these stages depends device either to tell you that he had failed, for example to read the hard drive tells him you are to stop until the fix the problem or complete the execution of orders.
This simple explanation but you should pay attention to the computer and the theory of his work well.
• How to act when a problem occurs?
Identify the component that has the problem occurs, either of the messages that will appear on the screen such as KeyBoard Not Found or sounds made by the device, such as whistles.
Determine the stage show where the problem is when you start the device, or exactly when you load the operating system or after downloading and so on.
Identify phenomena and other evidence that occur with this problem.
Determine the events that occurred before the emergence of the exact problem.
تعريف الانترنيت
Internet [1], a system and a means of connection of computer networks that connects computers around the world united by the Protocol is a protocol for the Internet. Linking the Internet to the millions of private and public networks in academic and governmental institutions, businesses, and vary in scope between local and global, and related techniques are different, of copper wire and fiber optic and wireless links, and vary these networks in its internal technical and administrative, as managed in isolation from the other decentralized and does not rely on any of them run on the others.
With today's Internet a great deal of data and services, which is perhaps the most popular pages today's high-texts published on the web, as it carries the services and applications such as mail and other communication services, messaging, and file transfer protocols. And voice dialing, and others.
اما بالنسية لطلبك الاخير لم افهمه
بالتوفيق
+
+
+
انا لقيته بالعربية وحبيت نساعدك وترجمتهولك برك باش نعاونك شوي رغم اني ماعنديش وقت بزاف راكي علابالك
المهم نتمنى يعجبك وربي يسهلك فيه
( تقرير عن مشاركة سيئة )، و الموجودة أسفل كل مشاركة .
2011-11-22, 16:49
من فضلكم انضروا الى هذا
العرض العادي
