english spelling

[bich64]

spelling rules need to be taught to a class or child when the need arises.
many bad spellers have logical minds and can master ‘rules’.
as these govern hundreda of words, the learning load is
considerably reduced.
for those to whom they cause confusion.
keep them very simple.
after teaching a rule. Reference to it frequintly when an oportunity arises, and watch for its spontaneous application.

• ‘q’ is always as ‘qu’ it never stands by it self.
• no english word ends in ‘v’ except spiv
• no english word ends in ‘j’
• we double ‘h, f, s’ after a single vowel at the.

end of a short word, for example call, tell,
toss, miss, stiff, stuff,[exceptions-us, bus, qas,if, of, this, yes, plus, nil, pal]

• the ‘i, or, e’ sounds at the end of a word is nearly always

‘y’ no english word ends in ‘i’ [except- macaroni, spagetti, vermicelli (italian) and taxi, short for (taxicab).also exception- coffee- committee.

• regular plurals are made by adding ‘s’ for example dogs, horses, monkeys, clifs.
• toform plural of words with a hissing ending, add ‘es’-‘ie’ after s, x, z, ch, sh, ss, example buses, foxes, buzzes, wishes, churches, misses.
• ‘all’ followed by another syllable only has one ‘h’ example also, already, always, although.
• ‘full’ and ‘till’ joined to another root syllable drop one ‘l’ example hopefull, usefull, cheerfull,until.
• drop the final ‘e’ from a root word befor adding anending beginning with a vowel, but keep it befor a consonant. Example- love, loving, lovely. Drive, driving, driver. Rattle, rattled, rattling.
• ‘ck’, ‘dge’, ‘tch’ many only be used after short vowel. (exceptions- much, such, rich, which)
• words ending in both a single vowel and consonant always double the last consonant befor adding an endding beginning with a vowel. Example-( stop, stopped, stopping. Flat, flatter, flattering. Swim, swimmer, swimming.
• nouns ending in a single’f’ change the ‘f’ to ‘v’ before adding ‘es’ to form the plural. Example-( leaf, leaves. Wolf, wolves. (exceptions- dwarfs, roofs, chiefs).
• if a word ends in a consonant plus ‘y’, changes the ‘y’ ti ‘i’ befor adding any ending except ‘ing’ example party, parties. Heavy, heaviness. Marry, married. Funny, funnily. But cry, crying. Hurry, hurrying.

• when ‘c’ is followed by ‘e’, or ‘i’, or ‘y’, it says ‘s’ otherwise it says ‘k’. Example- centre, ceiling, circle, cycle, cottage, cave, cream, curios, clever.
• when ‘q’ is followed by ‘e’, or ‘i’, or ‘y’, it says ‘j’. Otherwise it says ‘q’ as in gold. Example- genttle, gient, gymnastic.gallon, guid, glass, grow. (exception- get, begin, girl, give, geer, geese, gift, girth).
• words ending inan ‘o’ preceded by a consonant usually add ‘es’ to form the plural. Example potato-es, volcano-es, torpedo-es (exception_ planes, solos, eskimos)
• when ‘w’ comes befor ‘or’ it often says ‘wer’ as in ‘worm’ example-(work, worth, worst, worship). (exceptions- worry, worried, wore, worn).

• ‘i’ comes befor, ‘e’, when it is pronoun ‘ee’ except when it follows ‘c’ or when sounded like ‘a’ as in neighbor and weigh. (exception-neither, foreign, soveregn, seized, counterfeit, forfeited and leisur. (lewis 1965)
• ‘ti’, ‘ci’, ‘si’ are three spelling most frequently used to say ‘sh’ at the beginning of all syllables except the first. Example-uatioual, patient, palatial, infectious, gracious, ancient, musician, financial, session, admission, mansion, division.
• words ending in a single ‘l’ after a single vowel double the ‘l’ befor adding a sofix regards of accent example-cancelled, traveller, signalling, lic.
• if a word of more than one syllable ends ‘lu’ a ‘t’, preceded by a single vowel, and has theaccent on the last syllable, double the final consonant example-permit, permitted. Regret, regreted. But visit, visited. Benefit, benefited ‘do not double t’

this list of spelling rulesis adopted from an article by a.d. Bannatyne and g.c. Cotterell in the i.c.a.a. World blind bulletine, winter, 1966, on ‘spellingfor the dyslexic child’








childs, sally and ralph (1964) ‘flowers scientific spelling’ pub.mc-dougalls education co., edinburgh.
lewis, n. (1965) 20 days to better spelling. (now out of print).
spalding, r, b, w, t (1962) ‘the writing road toreading’.
white side- morrow, newyork

[happylife]

for for bazaf ellah ya3tik saha

[bila00b]

thank youuuuuuuuuu so much