قواعد اللغة الانجليزية مبسطة

[Virgile]

في هذا الدرس نتعلم التفريق بين كلمتين وهما

ADJECTIVES

SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE

ذاتي و موضوعي

NOUNS

SUBJECTIVITY AND OBJECTIVITY
الذاتية والموضوعية


أن تكون موضوعي هو أن تتجرد من مشاعرك اثناء الكتابة وأن لا تنحاز لاي طرف
بل تكتب كتابة يتفق عليها الجميع, فالكتابة العلمية دائما تكون موضوعية .



أما أن تكون ذاتي فهذا يعني أن تكتب عن كل ماتريد وتستعمل تجاربك ومعلوماتك الشخصية

فالكتابة السردية كتابية ذاتية كحكاية ترويها على شكل رواية.



Subjective information or writing is based on personal opinions, interpretations, points of view, emotions and judgment. It is often considered ill-suited for scenarios like news reporting or decision making in business or politics. Objective information or analysis is fact-based, measurable and observable




Examples of Objective and Subjective Writing

Here are some examples of objective and subjective statements:



أمثلة عن الكتابة الموضوعية والذاتية

• "47% of Americans pay no federal income tax. These people believe they are victims and would never vote for a Republican candidate." In this quote (which paraphrases Mitt Romney), the first statement is objective. It is a measurable fact that 47% of Americans do not pay federal income taxes. However, the second statement is Romney's personal point of view and is entirely subjective.
• Apple only allows apps that the company has approved to be installed on iOS devices. The company does not care about openness of their platform. Once again the first statement here is objective, while the second is subjective because fans of the company could argue, as Steve Jobs did, that iOS is indeed an "open" platform

Objective vs Subjective Reality

A popular thought experiment asks this hypothetical question: if a tree falls in a forest and there is no one to hear it, does it make a sound? The objective reality in this scenario is that the tree did fall in the forest and made a sound. The objective view is not dependent upon there being an observer for the event. However, there is a school of thought in philosophy that believes that our perception of reality is governed by our senses, which are limited and flawed. Therefore, there is no objective reality that we can discern, and all reality is subjective. Reality is a social construct, a common denominator of the subjective experiences and perceptions of society forms our reality











Objective means that you look at a matter without bias. You just take the facts into account without any outside opinions involved. Meanwhile, subjective means that along with facts you put personal opinions and feelings into an argument. This may then make your argument biased and in turn even invalid. Hope this helps




bias= محاباة.

[Virgile]

يختلف أسلوب الكتابة باللغة العربية عن أسلوب الكتابة باللغة الانجليزية . لهذا السبب يجد الطلبة صعوبة في تكوين جملة صحيحة باللغة الاجنبية وخاصة اللغة الانجليزية بعدما اعتادوا على قراءة اللغة العربي والتعبير بها .

اللغة الانجليزية تعتمد علىشروط يجب ان تتوفر حتى تتمكن من كتابة جملة

لذلك فالطالب مطالب بـ

_ معرفة تامة بأنواع الجمل الاربعة وهي

simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound-complex sentence

_ يكون على معرفة ببعض الجمل التعبيرية اليومية مثل
what is your name/ are you from algeria

_ حفظ أكبر قدر من حروف الربط والجر وغيرها

when/ for/ to/ / furthermore

_ حفظ عدد كبير من الكلمات و كيفية استعماله في جملة مثلا اذا كنت اعرف كلمة هاوس فاقول
house
this house is beautiful

لذلك يجب عليكم أخذ دروس حول أنواع الجمل وحفظ الكلمات وتوظيفها في جملة وتتمرن على كتابة اكبر قدر من الجمل

[Virgile]

types of clauses

انواع العبارات
يوجد نوعان اثنان


A sentence may be one of four kinds, depending upon the number and type(s) of clauses it contains




Review:
An independent clause contains a subject, a verb, and a complete thought.








A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb, but no complete thought






انواع الجمل

يوجد اربع انواع


1
. A SIMPLE SENTENCE has one independent clause.






.









2. A COMPOUND SENTENCE has two independent clauses joined by
A. a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so),
B. a conjunctive adverb (e.g. however, therefore), or


C. a semicolon alone.















3. A COMPLEX SENTENCE has one dependent clause (headed by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun ) joined to an independent clause.





4. A COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE has two independent clauses joined to one or more dependent clauses.

[كلثوم الجزائرية]

شكرااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا ا على تقديمك هذه القواعد الجد مهمة.
Tink you very very very much

[Virgile]

اذا كان عندكم اي استفسار

فأنا في الخدمة باذن الله