help in present and past perfect

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hi every body i want a present perfect and past perfect how vocabilery


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[spremshoot]

Both present perfect and past perfect talk about something that happened before a point in time (reference point).

In the present perfect, our reference point is the present.
In the past perfect, our reference point is in the past.

Present perfect

• An action that started in the past and continues to the present.
  
  
  
  I have lived in this city for six months.
• An action that happened before now (unspecified time)
  
  

  I have been to Japan twice.

How to form the present perfect:

HAVE / HAS + past participle


Examples of the present perfect:

My mother has just gone to the store.

• 
  Janet has lived abroad for five years.
• 
  I haven’t seen the new movie yet.
  
• Have you finished your homework?
  

It’s very common to use the contractions ‘ve and ‘s in the present perfect:

I’ve Been to Japan three times.

My mother’s just gone to the store.

• Janet’s lived abroad for five years.

Past perfect

• An action that happened before a time in the past

• 
  
  When I arrived at the office this morning, I discovered that I had left my computer on the night before.

• How to form the past perfect:

HAD + past participle


Examples of the past perfect:

I went to Japan in 1988 and 1991.
I turned 10 years old in 1994.
I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.


My husband ate breakfast at 6:00 AM
I woke up at 7:00 AM
When I woke up this morning, my husband had already eaten breakfast.


It’s common to use the contraction ‘d in the past perfect:


I’d traveled to five different countries by the time I was 20 years old.

Source : https://www.espressoenglish.net