الى المتخصصين في تاريخ المغرب القديم

[ali.dz]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته بارك الله في اسماعكم وابصاركم بحثي يدور حول الاسواق في المغرب القديم فمن لديه مصادر ومراجع فاليعنا بها وشكر الله له

[فارس المسيلي]

Stéphane Gsell LA CIVILISATION CARTHAGINOISE

https://www.sendspace.com/file/4wk4re

التوسع الفنيقي في غربي البحر المتوسط
اسم المؤلف: محمد الصغير غانم-هشام بدرالدين الصفدي


https://www.al-mostafa.info/data/arab...ile=010126.pdf

اسم الكتاب: المغرب القديم
اسم المؤلف: محمد بيومي مهران



https://www.al-mostafa.info/data/arab...ile=012266.pdf


محمد الهادي حارش : التاريخ المغاربي القديم

شارل أندري جوليان :تاريخ إفريقيا الشمالية الجزء الأول

رشيد الناضوري :تاريخ المغرب الكبير الجزء الأول

روستو فتز :تاريخ الرومان الإجتماعي و الإقتصادي

هشام الصفدي :تاريخ الرومان الجزء الأول

مادلين هورس :تاريخ قرطاج

أحمد صفر : مدنية المغرب

[ali.dz]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
اشكرك اخي فارس المسيلي على تفاعلك مع موضوع بحثي وجزاك الله الف خير

[المسبحة لله]

السلام عليكم، من فضلكم من لديه رابط كتاب تاريخ افرقيا الشمالية لشارل اندري جوليان.وجزاكم الله كل خير

[hamadadevdas]

ابحث عن معلومات حول الحرب البونية الاولى عاجل

[echerif]

First Punic War
A few years after the defeat of Pyrrhus, the Romans decided to declare war after an incident in Messana. This town had been occupied by former Syracusan mercenaries, called the Mamertines. In 265, the tyrant of Syracuse, Hiero II, defeated them and laid siege to the city. Immediately, the Mamertines asked help from Carthage, which gladly intervened and sent its admiral Hannibal to defend and garrison Messana. From now on, the Carthaginians controlled the Strait. However, occupation was not the help the Mamertines had been hoping for. Rome received a call for help too, and decided to intervene, running the risk of full-scale Carthaginian intervention. But Rome could not ignore the request: from Messana, the Carthaginians threatened the Greek towns of southern Italy's, Rome's new allies. War was inevitable.
In 264, one of the Roman consuls, Appius Claudius Caudex, invaded Sicily with two legions and captured Messana: the First Punic War had broken out. Next summer, the Romans laid siege to Acragas and captured this Carthaginian base (early 261), which had been defended by the same Hannibal who had garrisoned Messana. However, after these successes, the Roman war machine came to as standstill. The Carthaginians refused to accept Roman control of the Strait, and the Romans understood that they had to conquer the entire island. This meant that they had to gain naval superiority - something that would be very difficult, because the Romans were no sailors.
It was a conflict between an elephant and a whale, which could go on forever. However, the Romans had a secret weapon, called corvus ('raven' or 'crow'). This was a movable bridge with a ****l prong that could be dropped onto the deck of a Carthaginian ship. Once the two ships were tied to each other, the naval battle had changed into a land battle. In other words, the Romans used their ships as platforms for fighting. In 260, at Mylae, their consul Gaius Duillius defeated admiral Hannibal, and won Rome's first naval victory ever.
Yet, this victory was not decisive, and the war was to last very, very long. The Carthaginian commander Hamilcar Barca was able to defend the western part of the island; and every Roman success was balanced by either a Carthaginian victory, Roman stupidity, or bad luck (e.g., the loss of a fleet in a storm). However, the Roman consul Gaius Atilius Regulus, having overcome the Carthaginian navy at Ecnomus, invaded Africa, and although he was defeated by a Greek mercenary leader in Carthaginian service, Xanthippus, it was clear that Rome was the strongest of the two contenders. It had the resources to raise large armies and build new fleets. The final years of the war looked like a stalemate on western Sicily, where Hamilcar Barca fought a guerilla war, but only the Romans was able to recuperate. In 241, a new Roman fleet, commanded by Gaius Lutatius Catulus, overcame the last Carthaginian ships, commanded by Hanno, near the Aegatian islands in the far west. A peace treaty was signed, and Carthage accepted Roman rule in Sicily. According to the Greek historian Polybius of Megalopolis, the First Punic War had been "the longest and most severely contested war in history" (World History
وعليك بكتاب احمد صفر مدنية المغرب
حارس التاريخ المغلربي القديم

[lynamamou]

[ ]السلام عليكم ورحمة الله تعالى وبركاته...ارجو من الاخوة الكرام من لديه عناوين لمراجع حو الرئيس الفرنسي السابق جاك شيراك فليمدني بها لان لي بحث حول سياسته تجاه الجزائر وشكرا جزيلا ..

[lynamamou]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله تعالى و بركاته ...هل من جديد حول طلبي المتعلق بمراجع او رسائل جامعية او بحوث حول سياسة جاك شيراك حول الجزائرلاني في امس الحاجة اليها وانا مستعد لشرائها او التنقل اليها اين تكون وجازاكم الله عني كل خير. اخوكم lynamamou

[rauldz]

اخي الكريم انا لدي كتاب محمد الهادي حارش : التاريخ المغاربي القديم ودرست عنده شخصيا لكن لا اعرف كيف اضعه على النت

[spartacus]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة ali.dz

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته بارك الله في اسماعكم وابصاركم بحثي يدور حول الاسواق في المغرب القديم فمن لديه مصادر ومراجع فاليعنا بها وشكر الله له

ما عليك يا اخ الا بكتاب الدكتور العربي عقون وعنوانه :
الاقتصاد والمجتمع في الشمال الافريقي القديم
وله طبعتان
طبعة دار الهدى عين مليلة
وطبعة ديوان المطبوعات الجامعية

بالتوفيق

[سهام1992]

شكرااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا

[monika.algerie]

ارجو من اعضاء المنتدى ان يساعدوني في بحثي حول الحياة الفكرية لاستيفان قزال و من لديه المعلومات ارجو الرد .وشكرا.علما اني اريده باللغة العربية اي اريده مترجم .