مسااااااااااعدة

[الاء 04]

مسااااااااااااعدة ارجوكم
اريد مشروع االلغة العربية الحياة العقلية في العصر الجاهلي
و مشروع الانجليزية عن الحاسوب

[〆 بٰٰاولو 乄]

مشروع الانجليزية عن الحاسوب 1

The invention of the computer is having an effect on our lives equal to, if not greater than, that of the other electric inventions. The Altair was the most popular early personal computer. It was programmed by flipping switches on the front panel. Its output was simply a pattern of lights, communications, word processing, and other applications required additional components.

Computer plays an important rule in our life, we see this important set every where in our life. The concept of the information society refers to the fact that it is now very easy to link computer together and access information stored on other computers, the Internet is a good example. By connecting to the Internet, you gain access to millions of other computers that are connected around the world. We can communicate via e-mail with anyone on this planet. Unlike posting a traditional letter, this communication via e-mail is instant!

Many banks are now introducing on-line banking. Using our computers, we can connect to the banks computer system and control our day-to day finances from home. The concept of on-line banking has enormous in staff and buildings. Many customers find the advantage of paying bills and moving money between accounts, from the comfort of their own homes as a very attractive idea. Furthermore we can use computers in libraries, supermarkets doctors surgeries , schools and petrol station.

[〆 بٰٰاولو 乄]

مشروع الانجليزية عن الحاسوب 2

A COMPUTER

A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions
The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid−20th century(1940-1945) although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier.Early electronic computers were the size of a large room,consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCï´؟ Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of th espace.Today ,simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery .Personal computers ,in various forms,are icons of the information Age and are what most people think of as ″a computer″ however ,the most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computer embedded computers are small devices that are used to control other devices−for example,they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots,digital cameras,and children׳s toys
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators The church−Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility :any computer with a certain minimum capability is,in principle,capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform Therefore,computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity

HISTORY OF COMPUTING

It is difficult to identify any one device as the earliest computer,partly because the term″computer″has been subject to varying interpretations over time Originally,the term″computer″referred to a person who performed numerical calculations(ahuman computer),often with the aid of a mechanical calculating device
The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies that of automated calculation and that of programmability
Examples of early mechanical calculating devices included the abacus,the slide rule and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism(which dates from about 150−100 BC)Hero of Alexandria (c 10−70 AD)built a mechanical theater which performed a play lasting 10 minutes and was operated by a complex system of ropes and drums that might be considered to be a means of deciding which parts of the mechanism performed which actions and when This is the essence of programmability
The ″castle clock″,an astronomical clock invented by AL−jazari in 1206,is considered to be the earliest programmable analog computer It displayed the zodiac,the solar and lurar orbits , a crscent moon-shaped pointer travelling across a musicians who play music when struck by levers operated by a camshaft attached to a water wheel . The length of day and night could be re-porgrammed every day in order to account for the changing lenght of day and night throughout the year.
The end of the Middle Ages saw a re-invigoration of European mathematics and engineering , and Wilhelm Schickard's 1623 device was the first of a number of mechanical calculators constructed by European engineers . However , none of those devices fit the modern definition of a computer because they could not be programmed.
In 1801,Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the textile loom that used a series of punched paper cards as templete to allow his loom to weave intricate patterns automatically .The resulting Jacquard loom was an important step in the developement of computers because the use of punched cards to define woven patterns can be viewed as an early,form of programmability .
It was fusion of automatic calculation with programmability that produced the first recognizable computers .In 1837 Charles Babbage was first to conceptualize and design a fully programmable mechanical computer that he called ″The Analytical Engine ″. Due to limited finances ,and an inability to resist tinkering with the design,Babbege never actually built his Analytical Engine.
In thelate1880s Herman Hollerith inventded the recording of data on a machine readable medium.prior uses of machine readable media ,above,had been for control,not data ″after some initial trial with paper tape″,he settled on punched cards…[7] to process these punched cards he invented the tabulator,and the key punch machines.These three inventions were the foundation of the modern information processing industry.large_scak automated data processing of punch cards was performed for the U.S.census in 1890 by Hollerilh׳s company,which later became the core of IBM.By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove useful in the realization of practical computers had begun to appear :the punched card,boolean algebra,the vacunm tube(thermionic valve)and the teleprinter.During the first half of the 20th century,many scientific computing needs were met by increasingly sophisticated analog computers,which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a basis for computation.
However,these were not programable and generally lacked the versatility and accuracy of modern digital computers.
George stibitz is internationally recognized as a father of the modern digital computer.While working at bell labs in November of 1937,stibitz invented and built a relay‑based calculator he dubbed the″Model K″(for″Kitchentable″, on which hehad assembledit),which was the first to use binary circuits to perform an arithmetic operation.Later models added greater sophistication including complex arithmetic and programmability.

[الاء 04]

شكرااا ميدوش اذا عندك مكونات الكمبيوتر الحاسوب و استعمالاته و فوائد و مضار الانترنت

[〆 بٰٰاولو 乄]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة الاء 04

شكرااا ميدوش اذا عندك مكونات الكمبيوتر الحاسوب و استعمالاته و فوائد و مضار الانترنت

مكونات الكمبيوتر

N Computer electronic device consists of equipment connected with each other, each with a special function and are integrated with each other through the programs, to be data reception, processing and display outputs, and the functions of the computer that stores data and retrieval when you need it, if the principle of computer work is based on operations basic ones receiving data, stored and then processed; as a measure of calculation and comparison operations on them, and then give the results and information visible on the screen or on paper. And the computer has many advantages including; tremendous speed, high precision and durability of the work, large capacity data storage and retrieval. It uses a computer in several areas, including; education and conduct practical experiments, and in the communication between people, and in trade and various other fields, and several computer components, a hardware and software; the equipment is the physical components to him that can be seen and touched. Each with a specific function, and is divided into units of input and output units. As the input units are equipment used to input data to the CPU in a computer, a keyboard and mouse, microphone, digital camera, web camera and scanner. The units are directing equipment used to display the results visually or audio, such as the screen and printer, speakers, a data projector. The CPU unit are the main computer where data such as address; reading and interpretation programs, and control the work of other computer parts, and an arithmetic and logical operations and other operations. These are called mini-unit in the personal computer microprocessors. And based computers speed and ability to processor located inside type. There are many kinds of treatments, including (pentium) which is the best known, there are main memory, which is a computer components, and is linked to its central processing unit, and the function on the data stored before processing, and storage necessary to address these data programs, and store the results and outcomes after treatment. The main memory is divided into read-only memory and RAM. The reading memory (ROM) retains data even when the power of the computer. The random access memory (RAM) *******s disappear when the power of the computer. And measured the main unit memory capacity (bytes), a representation of a symbol or a single letter. RAM is the computer's ability to determine data processing. As another component of the computer components are secondary memory, and storage units in support of the President, which retains data permanently, and can be retrieved when needed, which represents the hard disk and soft and CD-ROM and others, that the computer components of the material associated with each different relations, and integrates its work is to get the desired results, and the software are non-material components, reliable computer to accomplish the tasks required of it, which is of two types: systems software, and application software, which is divided into public and private. The systems software directs the physical components of the performance of its functions, for example by the operating system. The general application software such as word processing programs. Finally, application software for such as accounting software and other programs used for tasks especially by the nature of the work, based institutions and corporations, banks, universities and various public and private sectors on the computer mainly; Imad this modern age and the way to accomplish tasks faster and more economical than ever before. Computer is still going through several stages of development. Every day we hear about a new technology, and an added feature has been accessible and available in a computer to fit his work with the era of speed.

[الاء 04]

شكرا رغم انه طويل بعض الشيء

[〆 بٰٰاولو 乄]

العفوووو


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