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[djoseph]

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1- I wish , it’s high / about time : »
A- Expressing wishes :

SITUATION

WISH

1)Present Wish
( Regret about
a present situation )
● I donot play the flute
( Present Simple )

(-)

● I wish I played the flute
( Simple Past )

(+)

● I am poor.
( Present Simple )

(+)

● I wish I werenot poor.
( Subjunctive )

(-)

2)Past Wish

( Regret about a past situation )

● I went to see him.
( Simple Past )

(+)

● I wish I hadnot gone to see him.
( Past Perfect )

(-)

● I didnot write to him.
( Simple Past )

(-)

● I wish I had written to him.
( Past Perfect )

(+)

● I wassick.
( Simple Past )

(+)

● I wish I hadnot been sick .
( Past Perfect )

(-)

3)Future Wish

( Desire for a change in the near future )

● He will stay in France.
( F. Simple )

(+)

● I wish he wouldnot stay in France.
( Conditional Present )

(-)

● They willnot findit.
( F. Simple )

(-)

● I wish they would findit.
( Conditional Present )

(+)

B- It’s high / about time :
The rule :
·It’ high/ about time + present simple ¾¾® (it is the right times to do something)
Eg : It’s high time for our country to take measures to stop corruption.///It’s time to prepare yourself for the exams.
· It’ high/ about time + past simple ¾¾® ( this action should be done before now)
Eg : It’s higth time the bad leaders went to jail.///It’s high time governments fought corruption.
2- had better/ had better not (Expressing advice)
Had better = should = ought to
The rule : had better / had better not + the verb (infintive without "to")
without « to »
Eg : you’d better visit the doctor. He’d better not smoke.
3-so+adjective+that
e.g :
· The music is so loud that I can't sleep.
· The meal was so good that we decided to have dinner at the same restaurant again tonight.
4-such+noun phrase+that
e.g :
· Don has such a big house that I actually got lost on the way to the bathroom.

• ****ly has such beautiful eyes that she got a job as a make-up model.

5.Provided/providing that/so long as/as long as+present simple, future simple (will/won’t+verb(infinitive))
E.g : -Providing that you work hard, you will succedd.///You’ll succeed providing that you work hard.
-As long as it trains, we won’t go out. ////We won’t go out as long as it trains

[djoseph]

6-Connectors/link words
A-Though=although/inspite of=despite
e.g : -He wore shorts though it was snowing./// Though I twas snowing, he wore shorts.
-We need to leave now although he's not here yet./// Although he is not here yet, we need to leave now.
-The pipes did not freeze in spite of the cold temperature./// In spite of the cold weather, the pipes did not freeze.
-People were out and about despitethe bad weather./// Despite the bad weather, people were out and about.
B-Because=since=as////due to=owing to=because of
e.g -Schools were closed because of the snow.///Due to the cold temperature,the pipes froze.///Owing to the bad weather, mail service way delayed.
-Schools were closed because it twas snowing.//Since it was snowing, schools were closed.
C-Consequently=as a result= as a consequence=so
-It was sunny. Consequently, we had to wear sunscreen.////It was bright. As a result, we had to wear sun glasses to drive.
The weather was delightful. As a consequence, we went hiking.
D-Both…..and…/neither…nor…/either…..or.. / not only ... but also
Rule : *Both+1st difference+and+2nd difference. E.g :He likes the movie He recommends the movie= he both likes and recommends the movie.
*Neither+1st difference+nor+2nd difference.E.g:the plot wasn’t believable. The plot wasn’t engaging.=The plot was neither believable nor engaging.
*Either+1st difference+or+2nd difference.E.g : the actors tried to overplay their roles. The actors tried to underplay their roles.= The actors tried to either overplay or underplay their roles.
*not only ... but also
E.g : She is not only clever, but also hard-working.

E.After/As soon as/Before/Until/When
Rule :-After/As soon as/When+past perfect, past simple. E.g : After he had arrived, he did his homework.
Past perfect past simple
-Past perfect+before/until+past simple. E.g : He had arrived before he did homework.
F.In order to=so as to=to+ verb (stem) (expressing purpose)
e.g : He works hard. He wants to succeed. He works hard in order to succeed.

[djoseph]

7-Conditionals: Summary

[djoseph]

zero conditional(type 0)
If you heat ice, it melts.
If+present simple, present simple

first conditional(type 1)
If it rains, I will stay at home.
You’ll get good marks if you revise well.
If+present simple, will/won’t+verb(infinitive)
second conditional(type 2)
If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.
If I were you, I would apologise.
If+past simple, would/wouldn’t+verb(inf)
third conditional(type 3)
If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.
If+past perfect, would have+past participle

[djoseph]

https://www.4shared.com/get/ooDq7e0f/..._summarie.html

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https://dc237.4shared.com/download/-W...73205-44384573

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