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قديم 2016-10-24, 17:10   رقم المشاركة : 1
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B8 تم ترشيح إجابة مفضلة heeeelllppp meeee

hi

please help me in the research on the nobel peace prize









 


أفضل جواب - كتبه
قديم 2016-10-24, 20:36   رقم المشاركة : 2
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اقتباس:
المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة mimiflower مشاهدة المشاركة
hi

please help me in the research on the nobel peace prize
check this link lady

https://www.djelfa.info/vb/showthread.php?p=3991868089









قديم 2016-10-25, 11:16   رقم المشاركة : 3
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atheena
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اقتباس:
المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة mimiflower مشاهدة المشاركة
hi

please help me in the research on the nobel peace prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian, Danish and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since December 1901,[2] it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".[3]

Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded on 10 December in Oslo City Hall each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46), and the Parliament (1901–04).

Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has, for most of its history, been the subject of controversies.
Background[edit]

Alfred Nobel
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who in the preceding year "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".[4]

Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.

Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing peace as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for chemistry and physics were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with Bertha von Suttner, a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category.[5] Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included dynamite and ballistite, both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war[6] and the Irish Republican Brotherhood, an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.[7] Nobel was also instrumental in turning Bofors from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company.

It is unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was ruled in union with Sweden at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden. It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the Norwegian parliament had become closely involved in the Inter-Parliamentary Union's efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.[5]

Nomination and selection[edit]

The Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo, Norway
The Norwegian Parliament appoints the Norwegian Nobel Committee, which selects the Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

Nomination[edit]
Each year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[8] The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[9] These nominators are:

Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the Inter-Parliamentary Union
Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the International Court of Justice at the Hague
Members of Institut de Droit International
University professors of history, social sciences, philosophy, law, and theology, university presidents, and directors of peace research and international affairs institutes
Former recipients, including board members of organizations that have previously received the prize
Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
Former permanent advisers to the Norwegian Nobel Institute

The 14th Dalai Lama and Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nobel Peace Prize laureates
Nominations must usually be submitted to the Committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.[9]

In 2009, a record 205 nominations were received,[10] but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations.[11] The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded.[12] Over time, many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize Nominees", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration.[13] Nominations from 1901 to 1956, however, have been released in a database.[14]

Selection[edit]
Nominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a short list of candidates for further review is created. This short list is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the Institute's Director and the Research Director and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the Committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but this is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.[15]

Awarding the prize[edit]

Obverse of the Nobel Peace Prize Medal presented to Sir Ralph Norman Angell in 1933; the Imperial War Museum, London
The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount.[16] As of 2013, the prize was worth 10 million SEK (about US$1.5 million). Since 1990, the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony is held at Oslo City Hall.

From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, a few hundred metres from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the Norwegian Nobel Institute. From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the Storting (Parliament).[17]

Criticism[edit]
It has been expressed that the Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements,[18] or with the intention of encouraging future achievements.[18][19] Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers.[20]

In 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten contended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.[21]

In another 2011 Aftenposten opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.[22] Criticism summed up in the books of Norwegian lawyer Fredrik S. Heffermehl has instigated a call by 16 prominent Scandinavians for a criminal investigation.[23]

Criticism of individual conferments[edit]
Main article: Nobel Prize controversies
Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland
Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony

From left-to-right, Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin receiving the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords

Nobel Peace Prize 2001 United Nations - diploma in the lobby of the United Nations Headquarters in New York City
The awards given to Mikhail Gorbachev,[24] Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Menachem Begin and Yasser Arafat,[25][26] Lê Đức Thọ, Henry Kissinger,[27] Jimmy Carter,[28] Al Gore,[29] IPCC,[30] Liu Xiaobo,[31][32][33] Barack Obama,[34][35][36][37] and the European Union[38] have all been the subject of controversy.

The awards given to Lê Đức Thọ and Henry Kissinger prompted two dissenting Committee members to resign.[39] Thọ refused to accept the prize, on the grounds that such "bourgeois sentimentalities" were not for him[40] and that peace had not actually been achieved in Vietnam. Kissinger donated his prize money to charity, did not attend the award ceremony and would later offer to return his prize medal after the fall of South Vietnam to North Vietnamese forces 18 months later.[40]

Notable omissions[edit]
Foreign Policy has listed Mahatma Gandhi, Eleanor Roosevelt, U Thant, Václav Havel, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Fazle Hasan Abed, Sari Nusseibeh, and Corazon Aquino as people who "never won the prize, but should have".[41][42] Other notable omissions that have drawn criticism include Pope John Paul II,[43] Hélder Câmara,[44] and Dorothy Day.[45] Both Eleanor Roosevelt and Dorothy Day were recipients of the Gandhi Peace Award.

The omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee.[46][47] The Committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948.[48] The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.[46] Geir Lundestad, Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, "The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question".[49] In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi".[50]

That is all i got but i will search more of course
i hope this will help you









قديم 2016-10-25, 11:19   رقم المشاركة : 4
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atheena
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افتراضي

The Nobel Peace Prize 2016
Juan Manuel Santos
"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2015
National Dialogue Quartet
"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2014
Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai
"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2013
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2012
European Union (EU)
"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2011
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman
"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2010
Liu Xiaobo
"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2009
Barack H. Obama
"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2008
Martti Ahtisaari
"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2007
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2006
Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank
"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2005
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei
"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2004
Wangari Muta Maathai
"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2003
Shirin Ebadi
"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2002
Jimmy Carter
"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2001
United Nations (U.N.) and Kofi Annan
"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2000
Kim Dae-jung
"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1999
Médecins Sans Frontières
"in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1998
John Hume and David Trimble
"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1997
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams
"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1996
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta
"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1995
Joseph Rotblat and Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1994
Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin
"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1993
Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk
"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1992
Rigoberta Menchأ؛ Tum
"in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1991
Aung San Suu Kyi
"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1990
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
"for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1989
The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1988
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
The Nobel Peace Prize 1987
Oscar Arias Sأ،nchez
"for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"

The Nobel Peace Prize 1986
Elie Wiesel
The Nobel Peace Prize 1985
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
The Nobel Peace Prize 1984
Desmond Mpilo Tutu
The Nobel Peace Prize 1983
Lech Walesa
The Nobel Peace Prize 1982
Alva Myrdal and Alfonso Garcأ*a Robles
The Nobel Peace Prize 1981
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1980
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
The Nobel Peace Prize 1979
Mother Teresa
The Nobel Peace Prize 1978
Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin
The Nobel Peace Prize 1977
Amnesty International
The Nobel Peace Prize 1976
Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan
The Nobel Peace Prize 1975
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
The Nobel Peace Prize 1974
Seأ،n MacBride and Eisaku Sato
The Nobel Peace Prize 1973
Henry A. Kissinger and Le Duc Tho
The Nobel Peace Prize 1972
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1971
Willy Brandt
The Nobel Peace Prize 1970
Norman E. Borlaug
The Nobel Peace Prize 1969
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1968
René Cassin
The Nobel Peace Prize 1967
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1966
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1965
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1964
Martin Luther King Jr.
The Nobel Peace Prize 1963
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) and Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1962
Linus Carl Pauling
The Nobel Peace Prize 1961
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjأ¶ld
The Nobel Peace Prize 1960
Albert John Lutuli
The Nobel Peace Prize 1959
Philip J. Noel-Baker
The Nobel Peace Prize 1958
Georges Pire
The Nobel Peace Prize 1957
Lester Bowles Pearson
The Nobel Peace Prize 1956
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1955
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1954
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1953
George Catlett Marshall
The Nobel Peace Prize 1952
Albert Schweitzer
The Nobel Peace Prize 1951
Léon Jouhaux
The Nobel Peace Prize 1950
Ralph Bunche
The Nobel Peace Prize 1949
Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin
The Nobel Peace Prize 1948
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1947
Friends Service Council (The Quakers) and American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1946
Emily Greene Balch and John Raleigh Mott
The Nobel Peace Prize 1945
Cordell Hull
The Nobel Peace Prize 1944
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1943
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1942
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1941
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1940
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1939
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1938
Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1937
Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1936
Carlos Saavedra Lamas
The Nobel Peace Prize 1935
Carl von Ossietzky
The Nobel Peace Prize 1934
Arthur Henderson
The Nobel Peace Prize 1933
Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1932
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1931
Jane Addams and Nicholas Murray Butler
The Nobel Peace Prize 1930
Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Sأ¶derblom
The Nobel Peace Prize 1929
Frank Billings Kellogg
The Nobel Peace Prize 1928
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1927
Ferdinand Buisson and Ludwig Quidde
The Nobel Peace Prize 1926
Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann
The Nobel Peace Prize 1925
Sir Austen Chamberlain and Charles Gates Dawes
The Nobel Peace Prize 1924
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1923
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1922
Fridtjof Nansen
The Nobel Peace Prize 1921
Karl Hjalmar Branting and Christian Lous Lange
The Nobel Peace Prize 1920
Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois
The Nobel Peace Prize 1919
Thomas Woodrow Wilson
The Nobel Peace Prize 1918
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1917
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1916
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1915
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1914
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Peace Prize 1913
Henri La Fontaine
The Nobel Peace Prize 1912
Elihu Root
The Nobel Peace Prize 1911
Tobias Michael Carel Asser and Alfred Hermann Fried
The Nobel Peace Prize 1910
Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1909
Auguste Marie François Beernaert and Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque
The Nobel Peace Prize 1908
Klas Pontus Arnoldson and Fredrik Bajer
The Nobel Peace Prize 1907
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta and Louis Renault
The Nobel Peace Prize 1906
Theodore Roosevelt
The Nobel Peace Prize 1905
Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau
The Nobel Peace Prize 1904
Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law)
The Nobel Peace Prize 1903
William Randal Cremer
The Nobel Peace Prize 1902
أ‰lie Ducommun and Charles Albert Gobat
The Nobel Peace Prize 1901
Jean Henry Dunant and Frédéric Passy
and those are the list hope u will like it and helps u










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