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Albert Einstein 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born
theoretical physicist who developed the theory of
general relativity, effecting a revolution in
physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of
modern physics. He received the
1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the
photoelectric effect"The latter was pivotal in establishing
quantum theory within physics
Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that
Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of
classical mechanics with the laws of the
electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his
special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to
gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the
general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of
statistical mechanics and
quantum theory, which led to his explanations of
particle theory and the
motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the
photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the
universe as a whole..