مصطلحات الوحدة الاولى
ancient civilizations
ancient = old = past = قديم
civilization = حضارة
modern = new = حديث عصري
grow = prosper = develop = flourish = ازدهر
contributions = achievements = انجازات
appear = thrive = emerge = ظهر
shine = bloom = rise = بان
stp = vanish = disappear = cease = اختفى تلاشى
ruin = break = decline = تحطم
extend = expand = توسع
collapse = damage = decline = fall = انهيار سقوط
trading = commerce = تجارة
failure = defeat = الهزيمة
success = victory = نجاح نصر
economy = اقتصاد
politics = السياسة
religion = الدين
invasion = عدوان
external = داخلي
wars = الحروب
impact = effect = التأثير
agriculture = farming = الزراعة
translation = interrepretation = الترجمة
archaeology = علم الاثار
establish = set = to erect = يؤسس