lessons of grammar 2nd year LMD

[toulay]

peace be upon you

the first lesson is contrast tenses

present simple/present continuous

PRESENT SIMPLE
we use the present simple in descriptions
eg:Maria has blue eyes

to describe regular/habitual actions
eg:we always come to university in the morning

in general statements about what is always true
eg:hens lay eggs

we use it with frequency adverbsften,sometimes,regularly.....

present continous
describes an action that is happening now,at the moment,at present

actions that are in progress at the moment of speaking

also used with future meaning to talk about future actions which are already planned or arranged

EG:I'm going to constantine tomorrow
EG:they are arriving in the next flight
EG:she is going to play tennis after lunch

pas simple/past continuous
the past simple describes an action that happened and completed in the past,it has no relation with the present

we use it with:yesterday,last,ago .....

the past continuous
we are interested in the action which was in progress
eg:I was doing my homework while my friend was reading a book

present perfect
simple/present perfect continuous
we use the present perfect to describe an action that began in the past and continues till now or which has just been completed

it's used with :just,lately,recently
since+point of time (date in the past
for+point of time (for a week or for 2 days

this tense is the commonest in the english ******** and it is the mostly used

the present perfect continuos speaks about an action beginning in the past and still continuing at the present moment.this frequently happens with verbs of static nature
such as:stay,wait,sit,stand,lie,study,learn,live,teach

eg:I have been teaching english since 1979

we sometimes use the present perfect continuous merely to emphasize the fact that an action has been uninterrupted,even though it is not continuing now

eg:I'm exhausted,I have been running round the town all day

remark:with the verbs to live and to work we can use either the present perfect simple or continuous


I will carry on the rest of the lessons as soon as possible

best of luck