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المواد الادبية و اللغات كل ما يخص المواد الأدبية و اللغات : اللغة العربية - التربية الإسلامية - التاريخ و الجغرافيا -الفلسفة - اللغة الأمازيغية - اللغة الفرنسية - اللغة الأنجليزية - اللغة الاسبانية - اللغة الألمانية |
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أدوات الموضوع | انواع عرض الموضوع |
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رقم المشاركة : 1 | ||||
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![]() The Nobel Prize Inventor :
Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer. He was the inventor of dynamite. Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments. Nobel held 350 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. He used his fortune posthumously to institute the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element nobelium was named after him. His name also survives in modern-day companies such as Dynamit Nobel and Akzo Nobel, which are descendants of the companies Nobel himself established. What is a Nobel Peace Prize ? The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, Literature. Since 1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a 5-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded on December 10 in Oslo City Hall each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty o f Law (1947–1989), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–1946) and the Parliament (1901–1904). Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has, for most of its history, been the subject of controversies. Who Deserve The Nobel Peace Prize ? According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament. Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing peace as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for chemistry and physics were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with Bertha von Suttner, a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category. Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included dynamite and ballistite, both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war and the Irish Republican Brotherhood, an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s. Nobel was also instrumental in turning Bofors from an iron and steel company to an armaments company. It is unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was ruled in union with Sweden at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden. It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the Norwegian parliament had become closely involved in the Inter-Parliamentary Union's efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration Prize Laureates : The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded 93 times to 124 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2012, 100 individuals and 24 organizations. Since International Committee of the Red Cross was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1917, 1944 and 1963, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954 and 1981, 100 individuals and 21 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 2013 ??? 2012 The European Union (EU) 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman 2010 Liu Xiaobo 2009 Barack H. Obama 2008 Martti Ahtisaari 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. 2006 Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank 2005 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei 2004 Wangari Maathai 2003 Shirin Ebadi 2002 Jimmy Carter 2001 The United Nations ( U.N.) and Kofi Annan 2000 Kim Dae Jung 1999 Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) 1998 John Hume and David Trimble 1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams 1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta 1995 Joseph Rotblat and Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs 1994 Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin 1993 Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk 1992 Rigoberta Menchú Tum 1991 Aung San Suu Kyi 1990 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev 1989 The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso 1988 The United Nations Peace-keeping Forces 1987 Oscar Arias Sánchez 1986 Elie Wiesel 1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 1984 Desmond Mpilo Tutu 1983 Lech Walesa 1982 Alva Myrdal and Alfonso García Robles 1981 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 1979 Mother Teresa 1978 Mohammad Anwar Al-Sadat and Menachem Begin 1977 Amnesty International 1976 Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan 1975 Andrei Sakharov 1974 Seán MacBride and Eisaku Sato 1973 Henry A. Kissinger and Le Duc Tho 1972 The prize money for 1972 was transferred to the Main Fund. 1971 Willy Brandt 1970 Norman Ernest Borlaug 1969 The International Labour Organization (ILO) 1968 René Cassin 1967 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1966 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1965 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1964 Martin Luther King Jr. 1963 The International Committee of the Red Cross and The League of Red Cross Societies 1962 Linus Carl Pauling 1961 Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld 1960 Albert John Lutuli 1959 Philip John Noel-Baker 1958 Georges Pire 1957 Lester Bowles Pearson 1956 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1955 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1954 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1953 George Catlett Marshall 1952 Albert Schweitzer 1951 Léon Jouhaux 1950 Ralph Bunche 1949 Baron John Boyd Orr of Brechin 1948 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1947 The Friends Service Council and The American Friends Service Committee (the Quakers) 1946 Emily Greene Balch and John Raleigh Mott 1945 Cordel Hull 1944 The International Committee of the Red Cross 1943 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1942 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1941 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1940 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1939 One-third of the prize money was transferred to the Main Fund, and two- thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1938 The Nansen International Office for Refugees (Office international Nansen pour les réfugiés 1937 Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil) Cecil of Chelwood 1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1935 Carl von Ossietzky 1934 Arthur Henderson 1933 Sir (Ralph) Norman Angell (Lane) 1932 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund. 1931 Jane Addams and Nicholas Murray Butler 1930 Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom 1929 Frank Billings Kellogg 1928 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund. 1927 Ferdinand Edouard Buisson and Ludwig Quidde 1926 Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann 1925 Sir (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain and Charles Gates Dawes 1924 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1923 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund. 1922 Fridtjof Nansen 1921 Karl Hjalmar Branting and Christian Lous Lange 1920 Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois 1919 Thomas Woodrow Wilson 1918 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1917 The International Committee of the Red Cross (Comité International de la Croix- Rouge) 1916 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1915 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1914 The prize money was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund 1913 Henri La Fontaine 1912 Elihu Root 1911 Tobias Michael Carel Asser and Alfred Hermann Fried 1910 The Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix) 1909 Auguste Marie François Beernaert and Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant 1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson and Fredrik Bajer 1907 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta and Louis Renault 1906 Theodore Roosevelt 1905 Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner 1904 Institut de Droit International (Institute of International Law) 1903 Sir William Randal Cremer 1902 Elie Ducommun and Charles Albert Gobat 1901 Henri Dunant and Frédéric Passy
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رقم المشاركة : 2 | |||
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![]() شكرا جزيلا لك فانا ايضا مطالبة بهذا المشروع |
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رقم المشاركة : 3 | |||
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![]() de-rien ^_^ ^_^
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رقم المشاركة : 4 | |||
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![]() merci 2 much |
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رقم المشاركة : 5 | |||
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![]() هل يمكنك البحث عن الملرشحين الجزائريين لانني لم اجدهم |
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رقم المشاركة : 6 | ||||
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![]() اقتباس:
Sorry ! ana manisha9homch !! mais id ainti tisha9ihom firkti 3lihom fi google !!! Ada baht général c-touu
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رقم المشاركة : 7 | |||
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![]() شكرا جزيلا |
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رقم المشاركة : 8 | |||
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![]() et de-rien les autre
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رقم المشاركة : 9 | |||
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![]() mrc beucoup khouya w allah ghir knt nhawes 3lih puisque hata hna 9alna theacher dirouh |
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رقم المشاركة : 10 | |||
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![]() Ouiiiiiiiiiii aw les lycée de l'Algerie kol Talboh ! ^^ lol
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رقم المشاركة : 11 | |||
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![]() شكرا جزيلا لك |
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رقم المشاركة : 12 | |||
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![]() ^^ De - Rien ^^
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رقم المشاركة : 13 | |||
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![]() مشكوووووووور أخي |
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رقم المشاركة : 14 | |||
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رقم المشاركة : 15 | |||
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![]() thank you brother |
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الكلمات الدلالية (Tags) |
nobel, peace, prize |
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المشاركات المنشورة تعبر عن وجهة نظر صاحبها فقط، ولا تُعبّر بأي شكل من الأشكال عن وجهة نظر إدارة المنتدى
المنتدى غير مسؤول عن أي إتفاق تجاري بين الأعضاء... فعلى الجميع تحمّل المسؤولية
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